What is the Difference Between Snoring and Sleep Apnoea?

Snoring and sleep apnoea are common sleep issues with different causes, symptoms, and health risks. Understanding their differences is important for identifying when medical help is needed and how to manage them. This article explores the key differences, causes, symptoms, and treatments for both conditions.

What is the Difference Between Snoring and Sleep Apnoea?

Snoring and sleep apnoea are both common sleep-related issues that can significantly impact health and quality of life. While they may seem similar, they have distinct causes, symptoms, and potential health consequences. Understanding the differences between snoring and sleep apnoea is crucial for recognising when to seek medical help and how to manage these conditions effectively. In this article, we explore the key differences between snoring and sleep apnoea, their causes, symptoms, and available treatments.

 

Understanding Snoring

Snoring is the sound produced when airflow causes the tissues in the throat to vibrate during sleep. It is a widespread condition, affecting around 40% of men and 30% of women in Australia. While snoring can be a nuisance for bed partners or housemates, it is generally harmless. However, chronic or severe snoring may indicate an underlying health issue, including sleep apnoea.

 

Causes of Snoring

Several factors contribute to snoring, including:

• Nasal congestion: Blocked nasal passages from colds, allergies, or a deviated septum can lead to mouth breathing, increasing the likelihood of snoring.
• Sleep position: Sleeping on the back allows the tongue and soft tissues to collapse toward the throat, restricting airflow.
• Obesity: Excess weight around the neck can put pressure on the airway, increasing the risk of snoring.
• Alcohol consumption: Alcohol relaxes the throat muscles, leading to a greater chance of airway obstruction.
• Smoking: Irritation and inflammation caused by smoking can contribute to airway narrowing.
• Age and gender: As people age, throat muscles lose tone, and men are more likely to snore due to differences in airway structure.

 

Symptoms of Snoring

• Loud, disruptive noise during sleep
• Dry mouth or sore throat in the morning
• Restless sleep
• Witnessed breathing pauses (which may indicate sleep apnoea)

 

Understanding Sleep Apnoea

Sleep apnoea is a serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. The most common type is obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), which occurs when the throat muscles relax excessively, leading to airway blockage. Another type, central sleep apnoea (CSA), is less common and results from the brain failing to send proper signals to the breathing muscles.

 

Causes of Sleep Apnoea

• Obesity: A major risk factor, as excess fat deposits around the upper airway can obstruct breathing.
• Anatomical factors: Enlarged tonsils, a thick neck, or a small airway can contribute to airway blockage.
• Genetics: A family history of sleep apnoea increases the risk.
• Alcohol and sedative use: These substances relax throat muscles, making obstruction more likely.
• Age: Sleep apnoea is more common in middle-aged and older adults.
• Smoking: Smoking increases inflammation and fluid retention in the airway.

 

Symptoms of Sleep Apnoea

• Loud snoring followed by silent pauses in breathing
• Gasping or choking during sleep
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
• Morning headaches
• Irritability or mood changes
• Decreased libido

 

 

Key Differences Between Snoring and Sleep Apnoea

 

When to Seek Medical Help

Occasional snoring may not require medical attention, but if you experience any of the following symptoms, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional:

• Loud, persistent snoring accompanied by choking or gasping sounds
• Frequent waking during the night
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Difficulty focusing or memory lapses
• High blood pressure or heart disease symptoms

A sleep study (polysomnography) may be recommended to diagnose sleep apnoea and determine its severity.

 

Treatment Options

For Snoring:

• Lifestyle Changes: Weight loss, reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and sleeping on your side can reduce snoring.
• Nasal Strips or Sprays: Help open nasal passages to improve airflow.
• Positional Therapy: Using specialised pillows or devices to encourage side sleeping.

For Sleep Apnoea:

• Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy: A machine that delivers a constant stream of air to keep the airway open.
• Oral Appliances: Custom-made devices that reposition the jaw to prevent airway collapse.
• Surgery: Procedures such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) or maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) may be considered for severe cases.

 

Conclusion

Snoring and sleep apnoea may appear similar, but they have distinct differences in causes, symptoms, and health risks. While snoring is often harmless, sleep apnoea is a serious medical condition that requires intervention. If you or a loved one experiences loud snoring, frequent breathing pauses, or excessive daytime fatigue, seeking medical evaluation is essential. Proper diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve sleep quality, overall health, and quality of life.

By understanding these conditions and taking proactive steps, Australians can achieve better sleep and reduce the risks associated with untreated sleep apnoea. If you suspect you have sleep apnoea, consult a sleep specialist for further evaluation and guidance.